English as a medium of instruction (EMI) in Indonesia: The known and the unknown

Abstract

Despite its growing popularity in Indonesia, particularly in academic programs of higher education institutions, EMI is a relatively new research area that leaves plenty of room for investigation. This review article examines the findings of various current EMI research in Indonesia and identifies areas of EMI that need to be prioritized for further research. Embarking on the global perspective of EMI development globally, this article positions Indonesia as a country that shares some similarities with other countries yet still has its own unique contexts and developments of EMI. Mapping what is known and what is unknown yet about EMI in Indonesia is of the utmost importance because it provides key information to shareholders, including but not limited to researchers, policymakers, and educators that need to make informed decisions on designing and implementing effective EMI programs. By focusing on the core issues of EMI research in Indonesia, this article aims to shed some light on the complex process behind the EMI implementation and offer insights that might help further research of EMI for the Indonesian context in the future.